'98 to '08: What we lost along the way
If nothing else, we've certainly redefined our notions of portability over the last 10 years.
(Credit: Donald Bell/CNET Networks)
In the '90s, when the MP3 was new, it was difficult to predict the medium's effect on the music industry and our culture. Today, the results of the MP3 revolution are starting to show, and I sometimes wonder what we won.
It's fitting that 2008 marks the 10-year anniversary of two of the first MP3 players, the Eiger Labs MPMan F10, and the Rio PMP300, but chances are you didn't listen to a first-gen MP3 player in 1998. With the first iPod still three years off, most of us were in the heights of our compact disc addiction 10 years ago, content to hear our music on portable CD players. Hell, some of us still listened to cassettes.
The Sony Discman pictured above belongs to me. I never use it, but I like holding on to it because it reminds me of how amazing I once thought CDs were. Sure, they would skip like crazy, get scratched, or even break, but compact discs were the first medium to usher in the idea of "permanent" music--albums that (if treated kindly) would never degrade over time. After a lifetime of warped LPs and worn-out cassettes, CDs seemed almost magical.
Today, most of us take for granted that our MP3s won't wear out or skip. In fact, there's tons of antiquated annoyances we no longer worry about in the age of the MP3. For instance, when was the last time you had to special-order your music at a record store and wait a week or more for it to arrive? When was the last time you wanted to hear an album you know you own but couldn't locate in the mess of your apartment? As the music in our lives has evaporated into noncorporeal ones and zeros, the troubled memories of acquiring and maintaining a physical music collection are quickly fading into the past.
Despite the advantages of the MP3, I'm willing to wager that somewhere in your home you have a shelf, closet, or box filled with CDs, records, or cassettes (maybe even MiniDiscs). Why do we hang on to these antiques? Is it nostalgia? Is it the fear of losing something we can't regain? Or are we just lazy?
Programs such as iTunes perfectly sort my digital music collection, but also homogenize artists into a spreadsheet of flat, impersonal squares. As a music lover, I can't decide whether technology has improved my relationship with music or simply sanitized it.
Call it the MP3-era hangover, but even as online music providers are finally offering the DRM-free downloads we asked for years ago, I'm starting to realize that my fascination with the MP3 is starting to wane. As a music fan, I can't completely accept that MP3s are the end of the line. I won't be reviving my old Discman anytime soon, but I can't help but wonder if we've lost more than we realize in the process of virtualizing our music collections.
I want to hear what you guys think, but to start you off, here's my list of music listening habits I had in 1998 that for reasons directly or indirectly related to the advent of the MP3, have died off. Admittedly, some of these habits are also related to the difference between being 19 and 29 (you can decide which are which).
Borrowing music
I know this may sound weird considering all the P2P music "sharing" going on these days, not to mention music-focused social networks such as Last.fm, but I miss borrowing CDs from friends. Like lending out a good book, lending music used to mean the lender actually gave up something, and that sacrifice imbued the music with personal meaning. Borrowing physical media also involves face-to-face interaction, oftentimes leading to great conversations. The modern age of copying, uploading, and linking to music has allowed me to discover new music at a much faster rate, but those discoveries seem much less personal.
Album artwork and liner notes
As far back as I can remember, whenever I brought home a new cassette or CD I would pop it in my stereo and immediately look over the album artwork and liner notes. Back then, I remember feeling ripped off if a group didn't include printed lyrics, but these days, I don't think twice that most of my music collection exists as a grid of basic metatags. Sure I can always jump on a band's MySpace page or Wikipedia entry if I want to know where they're from, what they're singing about, who their drummer is, or what their album cover looks like at full size, but I wish that information was still a part of the "product."
Used music
I spent more than two years of my life working in a new and used record store in Sacramento, where used CDs outsold new CDs about four to one. Used CDs not only offered our customers an inexpensive way to acquire new music, it gave people who were bored with their music a way to put money back in their pocket.
Putting aside my nostalgia for used music stores, I think we forget that MP3s are the first music format consumers cannot legally resell. Maybe I'm weird, but over the past 10 years, I've been happy to find myself on both sides of the used music economy--selling CDs to make rent, and buying great old records at garage sales. iTunes has never helped me pay the bills, and aside from illegal file sharing, there's no way to put your MP3s back into circulation after you're tired of them.
Music as furniture
I've known people with CD and record collections that take up an entire room of their home. Personally, I love going over to a friend's home and seeing what's on their shelves (books, CDs, DVDs). As our music collections disappear from our shelves and become entombed in our computers and iPods, something gets lost. Sure, it means dinner guests can no longer judge your bad taste in music, but it also means that when you want to hear Nick Drake on a on rainy Sunday afternoon, you'll need to boot up Windows Media Player or scroll through your iPod. Personally, I miss having Nick Drake live on my shelf as a tangible part of my life, and I miss seeing friend's music collections laid bare for me to analyze and admire.
So how about you? What do you miss about how you experienced music 10 years ago? Has today's technology made you feel more or less connected to the bands and musicians behind the music you hear today? Has the shuffle feature on your iPod opened you to new music, or just erased your attention span? I really want to know, so sound off in the comments.
Donald Bell is CNET Reviews' senior editor for MP3 players and portable audio, and one half of the MP3 Insider blog and weekly podcast. He also likes getting his hands dirty with digital audio tools for musicians and DJs.
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Donald Bell is an electronic musician, a veteran record store employee, and a fearless hardware hacker. He's also CNET's Senior Editor for MP3 and digital audio.
Jasmine France is CNET's resident digital audio doyenne, writing and editing product reviews, crave blogs, and feature stories on all things MP3. And if you need advice on headphones, she's your girl.

I have more than 450 CDs and all of my CDs are ripped and on my MP3 players. I love the portability of MP3 players, and the fact that I can carry my entire CD collection on my Cowon X 5. That being said, I still like the feel of a CD. I am 46, so that may explain why I like CDs; I still enjoy the feeling of opening a CD for the first time (usually after I've struggled with it a bit!) and reading the liner notes.
In short, I hate feeling like I've been short changed when I buy and watch or listen to something with the expectation of it being a fair representation of the original. There is no way, at least in my opinion, that a track sampled at 192Kb or even 256Kb AAC or MP3 or WMA is a fair representation of a studio recording. When I'm at home, and I'm listening to music, I want to be able to hear what the composer, artist, song writer, or even the producer intended for the piece to be. That being said, a large portion of my library is in digital format, but as of late I have been using Flac more and more for archiving my discs and auto-converting that to MP3 or WMA when I want anything on my MP3 player (a Creative Zen if you're curious).
Don't get me wrong, I would gladly give up on the CD trade if digital downloads become comparable in quality. That would mean an open, lossless format like Flac, Monkey, or WavePack. Being open is another important part of that; right now, I can buy a CD and play it or do with it what I will, rather that be play it in a home stereo, in a portable, in a PC, in a DVD player, etc. DRM free is a step in the right direction, but lossless AAC and WMA are both steps in the opposite; organic DRM if you will. For now, I view the current market place in much the same way others say the BlueRay HD-DVD conflict; there is no true "win" for the consumer and I am happy to stand on the side lines waiting for the dust to settle. I just hope there is something worth flocking to when it's all said and done.
Now, for my taste....an mp3 can sound pretty friggin good given a high enough sampling rate, or using the right codec. So good, in fact, that I'll defy anyone to say the analog version of the track sounds noticeably better than the digital one through a typical stereo. Actually, I'll take the pepsi challenge even on an "audiophile" stereo and predict that at least 95% of the people out there wouldn't notice the difference.
The other reason I'm still purchasing and holding on to my discs is BACKUP. You never know when the 'ol hard drive is going to crash, takkng with it your entire collection. This is the modern equivalent of leaving your records near a heater and having them all warp :)
Used CD:s and records are also a great way to inexpensivly add to the collection. I love going to the music shop and looking through the .99 vinyl and finding an obscure jazz record from the '60's. It's like a treasure hunt!
The other thing CDs are good for is getting cheap music. Used CDs are alive and well at sites like Amazon. You can literally get 3 used CDs for the price of one new one. Most of the time I've done that, the only thing I lost was the shrinkwrap (although occasionally you'll get a crack in the jewel case).
I think that there will be a market for CDs for as long as online music stores refuse to sell quality digital recordings.
That says it all for me. I miss LPs. Magnificent glossy sleeves with so much info on the back. There's the disc on the turntable, with the stylus pressure adjusted to half a gram...and out of this world sound quality. Expensive, inconvenient, but beautiful works of art.
Along with box sets and re-releases never happening, neither would ripping - and therein lies the deal with the devil we've all made. The form factor's easy assimilation into the modern PC/Mac has been a double-edged sword, at best, for consumers. (As well as the music industry, but that's another story.)
The lossy formats - MP3, AAC, etc. - have stalled the gains that the audio industry had achieved well into the late-90s/early-2000s, coinciding with the age of the CD. Portability is now the rule, SQ be damned. Instant gratification is the driving force (Bell admits this himself) behind the general acceptance of crappy sound. MP3 and AAC (throw in OGG, too) will NEVER sound as good as CD, no matter what the respective proponents claim at Hydrogen Audio and the like. (It does make for fascinating reading, though.)
Even the first assault on two-channel audio - home theater - didn't change the notion that portable sound could and should sound good. MP3/AAC have been used to offer consumers better portability - no contention - but with a BIG step backwards in general sound quality. Larger flash-based units with better battery life coupled with wider acceptance of FLAC and ALAC (not WAV) or whatever may supplant them, may be the best alternative. Maybe. Only maybe.
That said, I would not go back to portable CD players when running of workng in the yard. THIS is what MP3 was made for: non-overly discriminating, casual use. When inside, it is CD. Period.
Vinyl does not have a hard upper limit on recording level. Most records are recorded about the same, but they don't need to be. My brother has a Wagner record that has a section that is so loud, you can see it! They had to spread the groove for this one very loud sound. You can't do that on CD or MP3 without reducing the rest of the recording. This is an exception, but a lot of CDs and MP3s I've seen are recorded right up to the last bit and they have to be limiting or clipping the peaks because there simply isn't any room to keep them. Vinyl allows keeping them.
So... CDs beat vinyl on longevity and freedom from noise, but vinyl usually retains the dynamics better. MP3s are mostly more convenient (a lot more), but they are almost always a sonic comprimise.
I personally like to convert old analog recordings to digital, because used records and tapes have been, until recently, a cheaper way to listen to older music. In some cases, it's the only way to get a hold of music that's out of print. And if you give me a well-recorded, well mixed record in good condition, I can convert it to a CD that sounds just as good as the original record - sometimes even a little better, by using limiting, expansion and a touch of EQ. But then, the noise floor always comes over as well.
There is the tactile experience of handling, and then looking at an album cover while listening to the music, particularly if there's a gatefold, or lyrics are printed on the sleeve - even when they include this content in CD booklets, it's harder to read for many of us, because of the minute print, and the degree of reduction. It sort of makes the whole experience somewhat smallers, as well.
1) Feeling committed to giving an album a chance because I paid$15 for it and the CD is staring at me when I come home. Some of my all time favorite albums didn't sink in for me until repeated listens. I've even had CDs that I resented by artists I previously liked. In the new world of mp3 downloads, if I don't like an album after 2 rotations, I may banish it to it's obscure directory, never to hear it again.
2) New album visibility. Back in the day, I could keep 15 or 20 CDs in my CD wallet (black nylon, CaseLogic) and the artwork would jump out at me whenever picking music. Now, if I add new albums to my library, I have a hard time remembering what I recently bought and what I can listen to - it all goes into the big mix. Using a low capacity Walkman mp3 player for daily use does help a bit. And MediaMonkeys listing albums by year does as well.
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by the_thoughtful_blogger
April 8, 2008 12:20 PM PDT
- I will buy a CD if the majority of the album merits a purchase. That seems to be all too seldom of an occurence with todays music. In most instances I have no problem downloading music and enjoying it at between 256kbps-320kbps, or high quality variable bite rate. My sound equipment isn't $100k worth of audiophile snobbery, but it is nice studio reference quality equipment that sounds EXCELLENT when fed well recorded material. I'm in my 20's and I remember the discman, although I was never that fond of them in the first place. I always felt they were too bulky.
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